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GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN THE UNITED STATES -- A STATE OF KNOWLEDGE REPORT FROM THE U.S. GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH PROGRAM |
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The full report can be found online at www.globalchange.gov/usimpacts CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org This report was produced by an advisory committee chartered under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, for the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, and at the request of the U.S. Government. Therefore, the report is in the public domain. Some materials used in the report are copyrighted and permission was granted to the U.S. government for their publication in this report. For subsequent uses that include such copyrighted materials, permission for reproduction must be sought from the copyright holder. In all cases, credit must be given for copyrighted materials. First published 2009 Printed in the United States of America A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-521-14407-0 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables, and other factual information given in this work are correct at the time of first printing, but Cambridge University Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. Recommended Citation: Global Climate Change Impacts in the
United States, Thomas R. Karl, Jerry M. Melillo, and Thomas C. Peterson, The bars at the bottom of the front cover show the global annual average temperature from 1900-2008, see page 17. Federal Advisory Committee Authors Co-Chairs and Editors-in-Chief Thomas R. Karl, Jerry M. Melillo, Thomas C. Peterson, Author Team David M. Anderson, Donald F. Boesch, Virginia R. Burkett, Lynne M. Carter, Stewart J. Cohen, Nancy B. Grimm, Jerry L. Hatfield, Katharine Hayhoe, Anthony C. Janetos, Jack A. Kaye, Jay H. Lawrimore, James J. McCarthy, A. David McGuire, Edward L. Miles, Evan Mills, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Jonathan A. Patz, Roger S. Pulwarty, Benjamin D. Santer, Michael J. Savonis, H. Gerry Schwartz, Jr., Eileen L. Shea, John M.R. Stone, Bradley H. Udall, John E. Walsh, Michael F. Wehner, Thomas J. Wilbanks, Donald J. Wuebbles, Senior Science Writer and Lead Graphic Designer Senior Science Writer Susan J. Hassol, Lead Graphic Designer Sara W. Veasey, Key Support Personnel Jessica Blunden, Editorial Assistant, STG, Inc. Marta Darby, Copy Editor, STG, Inc. David Dokken, CCSP Technical Advisor, USGCRP Byron Gleason, Data Analysis/Visualization, NOAA National Climatic Data Center Glenn M. Hyatt, Graphics Support, NOAA National Climatic Data Center Clare Keating, Editorial Support, Texas Tech University Staci Lewis, Technical Advisor, NOAA Jolene McGill, Logistical Support, NOAA National Climatic Data Center Deborah J. Misch, Graphics Support, STG, Inc. William Murray, Technical Support, STG, Inc. Susan Osborne, Copy Editor, STG, Inc. Tim Owen, Logistical Support, NOAA National Climatic Data Center Deborah Riddle, Graphics Support, NOAA National Climatic Data Center Susanne Skok, Copy Editor, STG, Inc. Mara Sprain, Editorial Support, STG, Inc. Michael Squires, Cartographic Support, NOAA National Climatic Data Center Jeff VanDorn, Technical and Graphics Support, ATMOS Research David Wuertz, Data Analysis/Visualization, NOAA National Climatic Data Center Christian Zamarra, Graphics Support, STG, Inc. Federal Executive Team Acting Director, U.S. Global Change
Research Program:
.....................................................................................Jack
A. Kaye Reviewers Blue Ribbon Reviewers Robert W. Corell, Global Change Program, H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment Robert A. Duce, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University Kristie L. Ebi, Independent consultant, ESS, LLC Alexandria, VA Christopher B. Field, Carnegie Institution William H. Hooke, Atmospheric Policy Program, American Meteorological Society Michael C. MacCracken, Climate Institute Linda O. Mearns, Environmental and Societal Impacts Group, National Center for Atmospheric Research Gerald A. Meehl, Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research John Reilly, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Susan Solomon, NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory Steven C. Wofsy, Harvard University Communication Reviewers Robert Henson, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Jack W. Williams, American Meteorological Society This report on Global Climate Change
Impacts in the United States was prepared in accordance with Section 515
of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for Fiscal
Year 2001 (Public Law 106-554) and the information quality act
guidelines issued by the Department of Commerce and NOAA pursuant to
Section 515
June 2009 Members of Congress: On behalf of the National Science and Technology Council, the U.S. Global Change Research Program is pleased to transmit to the President and the Congress this state of knowledge report: “Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States.” This report summarizes the science of climate change and the impacts of climate change on the United States, now and in the future. As our nation strives to develop effective policies to respond to climate change, it is critical to have the latest and best scientific information to inform decision making. More than a year in the making, this report provides that information. It is the first report in almost a decade to provide an extensive evaluation of climate change impacts on the United States at the regional level. An expert team of scientists operating under the authority of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, assisted by communication specialists, wrote the document. The report was reviewed and revised based on comments from experts and the public in accordance with the Information Quality Act guidelines issued by the Department of Commerce and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We highly commend the authors and support personnel of both this report and the underlying Synthesis and Assessment Products for the outstanding quality of their work in providing sound and thorough science-based information for policy formulation and climate change research priority setting. We intend to use the essential information contained in this report as we make policies and decisions about the future, and we recommend others do the same. Sincerely, Dr. John Holdren Dr. Jane Lubchenco
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