OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY

References

Abse, D. The Dogs of Pavlov. London: Valentine, Mitchell & Co., Ltd., in press.

Adorno, T.; Frenkel-Brunswik, Else; Levinson, D. J., and Sanford, R. N. The Authoritarian Personality. New York: Harper & Row, 1950.

Arendt, H, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. New York: Viking Press, 1963.

Asch, J. E. "Effects of Group Pressure upon the Modification and Distortion of Judgement." In H. Guetzkow (ed.), Groups, Leadership, and Men. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Press, 1951.

Ashby, W. R. An Introduction to Cybernetics. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd., 1956.

Baumrind, D. "Some Thoughts on Ethics of Research: After Reading Milgram's 'Behavioral Study of Obedience.''' American Psychologist, Vol. 19 (1964), pp. 421-23.

Berkowitz, L. Aggression: A Social Psychological Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962.

Bettelheim, B. The Informed Heart. New York: The Free Press, 1960.

Bierstedt, R. "The Problem of Authority." Chapter 3 in Freedom and Control in Modern Society. New York: Van Nostrand, 1954, pp. 67-81.

Block, J. and J. "An Interpersonal Experiment on Reactions to Authority." Human Relations, Vol. 5 (1952), pp. 91-98.

Buss, A. H. The Psychology of Aggression. New York: John Wiley, 1961.

Cannon, W. B. The Wisdom of the Body. New York: W. W. Norton, 1932.

Cartwright, D. (ed.). Studies in Social Power. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1959.

Comfort, A. Authority and Delinquency in the Modern State: A Criminological Approach to the Problem of Poeer. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1950.

Crawford, T. "In Defense of Obedience Research: An Extension of the Kelman Ethic." In A. G. Miller (ed.), The Social Psychology of Psychological Research. New York The Free Press, 1972, pp. 179-86.

Dicks, H. V. Licensed Mass Murder: A Social Psychological Study of Some S.S. Killers. New York Basic Books, 1972.

Elms, A. C. "Acts of Submission." Chapter 4 of Social Psychology and Social Relevance. Boston: Little, Brown, 1972.

English, H. B. Dynamics of Child Development. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961.

Erikson, M. "The Inhumanity of Ordinary People." International Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 6 (1968), pp. 278-79.

Etzioni, A. "A Model of Significant Research." International Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 6 (1968), pp. 279-80.

Feinberg, I. "Sex Differences in Resistance to Group Pressure." Unpublished master's thesis, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa.

Festinger, L. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. New York: Harper & Row. 1957.

Frank, J. D. "Experimental Studies of Personal Pressure and Resistance." Journal of Genetic Psychology, Vol. 30 (1944), pp. 23-64.

French, J. R. P. "A Formal Theory of Social Power: Psychological Review, Vol. 63 (1956), pp. 181-94.

___, Morrison, H. W., and Levinger, G. "Coercive Power and Forces Affecting Conformity." Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, Vol. 61 (1960), pp. 93-101.

___, and Raven, B. H. "The Bases of Social Power." In D. Cartwright (ed.), Studies in Social Power. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1959, pp. 150-67.

Freud, S. Totem and Taboo. Translated by J. Strachey. New York: W. W. Norton, 1950.

___, "Thoughts for the Times on War and Death." In J. Strachey (ed.), The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. 14. London, The Hogarth Press, 1957, pp. 273-302.

___, Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego. Translated by J. Strachey. London: Hogarth, 1922; New York: Bantam Books, 1960. (German original, 1921.)

Fromm, E. Escape from Freedom. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1941.

Garfinkel, H. "Studies of the Routine Grounds of Everyday Activities." Social Problems, Vol. 11 (Winter 1964), pp. 225-50.

Glasser, R. J. 365 Days. New York: George Braziller, 1971.

Goffman, E. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1959.

___, "Embarrassment and Social Organization." the American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 62 (November 1956), pp. 264-71.

Halberstam, David. Making of a Quagmire. New York: Random House, 1965.

Hall, E. T. The Hidden Dimension. New York: Doubleday, 1966.

Hillberg, R. The Destruction of the European Jews. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1961.

Hobbes, Thomas, Leviathan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1909, Reproduction of 1651 edition.

Hofling, C. K.; Brotzman, E.; Dalrymple, S.; Graves, N., and Pierce, C. "An Experimental Study of Nurse-Physician Relations." The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. Vol. 143, No. 2 (1966), pp. 171-80.

Homans. G. C. Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1961.

Katz, J. Experimentation with Human Beings: The Authority of the In vestigator, Subject, Professions, and State in the Human Experimentation Process. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1972.

Kelman, H. "Human Use of Human Subjects: The Problem of Deception in Social Psychological Experiments." Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 67 (1967), pp. 1-11.

___, and Lawrence, L. "Assignment of Responsibility in the Case of Lt. Calley: Preliminary Report on a National Survey." Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 28, No. 1 (1972).

Kierkegaard, S. Fear and Trembling. English edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1941.

Kilham, W., and Mann, L. "Level of Destructive Obedience as a Function of Transmittor and Executant Roles in the Milgram Obedience Paradigm." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, in press.

Koestler, Arthur. The Ghost in the Machine. New York: Macmillan, 1967.

Kohlberg, L. "Development of Moral Character and Moral Ideology." In Hoffman, M. L., and Hoffman, L. W. (eds.), Review of Child Development Research, Vol. 1. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1964, pp. 383-431.

___, "Relationships Between the Development of Moral Judgment and Moral Conduct." Paper presented at Symposium on Behavioral and Cognitive Concepts in the Study of Internationalization at the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, Minnesota, March 26, 1956.

Laski, H. J. '''The Dangers of Obedience." Harper's Monthly Magazine, Vol. 159 (1919), pp. 1-10.

Lazarus, R. "A Laboratory Approach to the Dynamics of Psychological Stress." American Psychologist, Vol. 19 (1964), pp. 400-411.

Leavitt, S. "The Andersonville Trial." In Bennett Cerf (ed.), Four Contemporary American Plays. New York: Random House. 1961.

Lerner, M. J. "Observer's Evaluation of a Victim: Justice, Guilt, and Veridical Perception." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Vol. 20, No. 2 (1971), pp. 127-35.

Lewin, K. Field Theory in Social Science. New York: Harper & Row, 1951.

Lippett, R. "Field Theory and Experiment in Social Psychology: Autocratic and Democratic Group Atmosphere." American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 45, pp. 25-49.

Lorenz, K. On Aggression. Translated by M. K. Wilson. New York: Bantam Books, 1963.

Mantell, D. M. "The Potential for Violence in Germany." Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 27, No. 4 (1971), pp. 101-12.

Marler, P., Mechanisms of Animal Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1967.

Milgram, S. "Behavioral Study of Obedience." Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 67 (1963), pp. 371-78.

___, "Dynamics of Obedience: Experiments in Social Psychology." Mimeographed report, National Science Foundation, Jan. 25, 1961.

___, "Group Pressure and Action Against a Person." Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, Vol. 69 (1964), pp. 137-43.

___, "Issues in the Study of Obedience: A Reply to Baumrind." American Psychologist, Vol. 19 (1964), pp. 848-52.

___, "Liberating Effects of Group Pressure." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 1 (1965), pp. 127-34.

___, Obedience (a filmed experiment). Distributed by the New York University Film Library. Copyright 1965.

___, "Some Conditions of Obedience and Disobedience to Authority." Human Relations, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1965), pp. 57-76.

___, "Interpreting Obedience: Error and Evidence; A Reply to Orne and Holland." In A. G. Miller (ed.), The Social Psychology of Psychological Research. New York: The Free Press, 1972.

Miller, A. (ed.). The Social Psychology of Psychological Research. New York: The Free Press, 1972.

Miller, N. "Experimental Studies of Conflict." In M. J. Hunt (ed.), Personality and Behavior Disorders. New York: Ronald Press, 1944, pp. 431-65.

Modigliani, A. "Embarrassment and Embarrassability." Sociometry, Vol. 31, No. 3 (September 1968). pp. 313-26.

___, "Embarrassment, Facework, and Eye Contact: Testing a Theory of Embarrassment." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 17, No. 1 (1971), pp.15-24.

Orne, M. T., and Holland, C. C. "On the Ecological Validity of Laboratory Deceptions." International Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 6, No. 4 (1968), pp. 282-93.

Orwell, G. Selected Essays. London: Penguin Books, 1957.

Raven, B. H. "Social Influence and Power." In I.D. Steiner and M. Fishbein (eds.), Current Studies in Social Psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965.

___, and French, J. R. P. "Group Support, Legitimate Power, and Social Influence." Journal of Personality, Vol. 26 (1958), pp. 400-409.

Rescher, N. The Logic of Commands. New York: Dover Publications, 1966.

Rosenhan, D. "Some Origins of Concerns for Others." In P. H. Mussen, J. Langer, and M. Covington (eds.), Trends and Issues in Developmental Psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969, pp. 134-53.

___, Obedience and Rebellion: Observations on the Milgram Three-Party Paradigm. In preparation.

Rosenthal, R., and Rosnow, R. L. "Volunteer Subjects and the Results of Opinion Change Studies." Psychological Reports, Vol. 19 (1966), p. 1183.

Scott, J. P. Aggression. Chicago; University of Chicago Press, 1958.

Sheridan, C.L., and King, R. G. "Obedience to Authority with an Authentic Victim." Proceedings, Eightieth Annual Convention, American Psychological Association. 1972, pp. 165-66.

Sherif, M. The Psychology of Social Norms. New York: Harper & Row, 1936.

Shirer, W. L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1960.

Sidis, B., The Psychology of Suggestion. New York: Appleton, 1898.

Simon, H. A. Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organizations. New York: The Free Press, 1965.

Snow, C. P. "Either-Or" Progressive, February 1961, p. 24.

Sophocles. Antigone. Translated by J. J. Chapman. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1930.

Stogdill, R. M. "The Measurement of Attitudes Toward Parental Control and the Social Adjustment of Children." Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 20 (1936), 259-67.

Taylor, T. Nuremberg and Vietnam: An American Tragedy. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1970.

Tinbergen, N. Social Behavior in Animals. London: Butler and Tanner, Ltd., 1953.

Thoreau, Henry David. Walden and Civil Disobedience. Edited by Sherman Paul. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957.

Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.

Tolstoy, L. Tolstoy's Writings on Civil Disobedience and Non-violence. New York: New American Library, 1968.

Weber, M. Theory of Social and Economic Organization, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1947.

Wouk, H. The Caine Mutiny. Garden City: Doubleday and Company, 1952.

Other Works Consulted

Adams, J. Stacy, and Romney, A. Kimball "A Functional Analysis of Authority." Pychological Review, Vol. 66, No. 4 (July 1959), pp. 234-51.

Aronfreed, Justin. Conduct and Conscience: The Socialization of Internalized Control over Behavior. New York: Academic Press, 1968.

Berkowitz, Leonard, and Lundy, R. "Personality Characteristics Related to Susceptibility to Influence by Peers or Authority Figures." Journal of Personality, Vol. 25 (1957), pp. 306-16.

Binet, A. La Suggestibilite. Paris: Schleicher, 1900.

Cohn, Norman. Warrant for Genocide. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.

DeGrazia, Sebastian. "What Authority Is Not." The American Political Science Review, Vol. 3 (June 1959).

Eatherly, Claude. Burning Conscience: The Case of the Hiroshima Pilot Told in His Letters to Gunther Anders. New York: Monthy Review Press, 1961.

Elkins, Stanley M. Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1959.

Friedlander, Saul. Kurt Gerstein: The Ambiguity of Good. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969.

Friedrich, C. J. Authority. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1958.

Gamson, William, Power and Discontent. Homewood, Ill: The Dorsey Press, 1968.

Gaylin, W. In the Service of Their Country: War Resisters in Prison. New York: The Viking Press, 1970.

Goldhammer, R., and Shils, E. "Types of Power and Status." American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 45 (1939), pp. 171-78.

Gurr, Ted Robert. Why Men Rebel. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970.

Hallie, Philip P. The Paradox of Cruelty. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1969.

Hammer, Richard. The Court Martial of Lt. Calley. New York: Coward, McCann, & Geoghegan, 1971.

Heydecker, J. J., and Leeb, J. The Nuremberg Trial. Cleveland and New York: World Publishing Company, 1962.

Howton, F. William. Functionaries. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1969.

Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. New York: Vintage Books, 1964.

Lasswell, H. D., and Kaplan, A. Power and Society. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1950.

Lauman, Edward O.; Siegel, Paul M., and Hodge, Robert W. (eds.). The Logic of Social Hierarchies. Chicago: Markham Publishing Co., 1970.

Neuman, Franz. The Democratic and the Authoritarian State: Essays in Political and Legal Theory. Edited by Herbert Marcuse. New York: The Free Press, 1957.

Parsons, T. The Social System. New York: The Free Press, 1951.

Reich, Wilhelm. The Mass Psychology of Fascism. New York: Orgone Institute Press, 1946.

Ring, K., Wallston, K., and Corey, M. "Mode of Debriefing as a Factor Affecting Subjective Reaction to a Milgram-Type Obedience Experiment: An Ethical Inquiry." Representative Research in Social Psychology, Vol. 1 (970), pp. 67-88.

Rokeach, M. "Authority, Authoritarianism, and Conformity." In I. A. Berg and B. M. Bass (eds.), Conformity and Deviation. New York: Harper & Row, 1961, pp. 230-57.

Russell, Bertrand. Authority and the Individual. Boston: Beacon Press, 1949.

Sack, John. Lt. Calley: His Own Story. New York: The Viking Press, 1970.

Speer, Albert. Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs. New York: Macmillan, 1970.

Tilker, H. A. "Socially Responsible Behavior as a Function of Observer Responsibility and Victim Feedback," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 14, No. 2 (February 1970), pp. 95-100.

Von Mises, Ludwig. Bureaucracy. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1944.

Whyte, L. L., Wilson, A. C., and Wilson, D. (eds.), Hierarchical Structures. New York: American Elsevier Publishing, 1969.

Wolfe, D. M. "Power and Authority in the Family," In D. Cartwright (ed.), Studies in Social Power. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1959, pp. 99-117.

Go to Next Page