|
Notes
Preface
1.
Inscription in Holmdahl Family Bible and birth certificate in possession
of
Gordon Holmdahl, Dublin, California.
Conversations with Gordon Holmdahl. April, 1997.
2. The Saturday Blade, Chicago. December 13, 1913.
Interview with Emil
Holmdahl.
Chapter 1
1. McGaw, William C. Southwest
Saga. Phoenix. Golden West
Publishers, 1988.
98.
2.
Constantino, Renato Fi!zpiniatla. Mal1ila, Philippines: Cacho Hermanos,
Inc,
1973 Reprint. 261.
Boller, Paul F., ]r. Cougressiollal Allecdotes Oxford and New York.
Oxford
University Press, 1991. 243.
Miller, Stuart Creighton. Benevolellt Assimi!atioll. (-=am\Jrige. Yale
Universit).
Press, 1982. 112.
Ibid. 52-53.
Blount,]ames H. TbeAmerican OccupatiO!1 0/. the Pbilippilles, 1898-1912.
Ne'.,!
York: Oriole Editions, 1973. 155.
Ibid. 155.
Bain, David Howard. jlttillg ill Da1klless: AlfJericalls ill the
Phi!ippilles. Boston.
Houghton Mifflin Company, 1984. 81.
Sexton, William Thaddeus. Soldiel:r ill the j'ull: All ,.4dvmture ill
bJperialtjllJ.
Freeport, New York. Books for Libraries Press, 1971. 111-112.
9. Bain. Sittillg!11 Darklless. 82.
10. Faust, Karl Irving. Ca!1paignillg in the Philippilles. New York: Amo
Press and
The NeJlJ )7ork Times, 1970. 151-152 and 178-183.
11. Ibid. Fighting around San Fernando. 187 -191.
12. Miller. Benevolent Assi111ilatioll. 187.
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
198
Notes
199
13. Biographical Sketch of f:mil L. Holmdahl received from the
Consul:ido
General De Mexico, El Paso, Texas, 1997.
14 Clipping from the S I. Paul DIsPatch. Holmdahl Papers Bancroft
I"ibran' of
The Uillversit)' of Ca]jforilla at Berkeley. JuJy 23 c. 1900. ,
15 The jatlil-day Blade. Chica,go. December 13,1913.
16 Hol111dahl Papers 20th Infantry. Records of Service of Emjl I"
F1olmdah].
Holmdahl qualified as ,a sharpshooter for t!le )'ears 1904-05-06. His
records
show many hits on targets which simulated men sitting or lying prone.
The
hits were made at 1,000 )'ards.
17 I\1iI1er, Beuevolellt "4ssil11llatioJ? 179.
18. Sawicki, James A. Ilifalltl~)1 Regiments of the United ,States
".41/11)1.
Publications, 1981.
Annual Report of the \Y/ar Department 1901-1906. Washington, D.C.
19. Hahn, El~lil)l. The Islallds. New York. Coward, McCann & Geoghan,
1981
20, Sexton, j'oldielJ of the SIlJ? 273.
21. MjUer, Bellevolmt Assl1?Jilatioll. 189.
22. Sexton, S oldielJ ill tbe S MIl. 240 241 .
Leckie, Robert. The u:a,J of Alllenca. New York: Harper-Collins
Publishers,
1992. 570.
23, Constantino, Fi!zpillialla. 101,102,
24, Constantino, Ongill 01. a Af)lth 17.
25. Karnow, Stanley. !11 OJ?r Itnczge: /lt11encas r:l11pil"f lil the
Philippilles, New York
Random House, 1989. 174.
26. Leckie. The IVarr or Alnenca. 574.
W}'Vem
Chapter 2
1.
Wocester, Dean C. The Philippines Past and Presellt. New York. The
McN1iUan
Company, 1930. 495.
Bacevich, Major Andrew J. Jr. "Disagreeable Work: Pacifying the Moros,
1903-1906." lWilitary Revieu!. Vol LXII. No 6.]une, 1982, 53.
Ibid. 53-54.
Scott, Major General Hugh Lenox. SO1Jle Me11JOneS 1!1 a Soldier. New
York and
London: The Century Company, 1928
314.
Ibid., 287.
Ibid.,313-314.
Ibid.,315-316.
The author's father, Vincent D. Meed, was a lieutenant assigned to the
31st
Infantry Regiment stationed jn I~uzon during the early 1920s. He
recounted
that he and several other officers ';\learing civilian clothes were
shopping in
the market town of Baguio, when a Juramentado leaped fron~ the jungle.
Greased, his body bound with vines, foaming at the mouth and swinging a
bolo, he charged one of the officers. The American officer whipped out a
2,
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
)
200
S oldier of Fortune
.380 caliber revolver from under his coat and opened fire. The )ilramentado
absorbed the bullets and practically severed the head of the officer
before
he fell dead. Examining the corpse of the dead fanatic, the Al~~erican
officers found fi\Te bullet holes in the man's chest. After that, my
father
said, no matter how uncomfortable it was, he put a'.va)' his 38 and
carried
only the regulation Colt .45 caliber automatic pistol.
Holmdahl Papers. Notice of Promotion to Corporal.
Regiment March 6, 1905.
Ibid. Memo certify.ing Holmdahl profjcjent ill Infantry Drill
Regulations
September 7, 190.5.
10. Ibid. Undated, unnamed newspaper clip
11. Scott. j'ome Memories of a j.oldier. 328-331.
12. Foreman. The Phlltpplne Islands. 584-585.
13. Welch, Richard E. Jr. '~merican Atrocities in the Philippines: The
Indictment and the Response." Pacific Historical Review. No.43. Ma)',
1974.
233.
14. Bacevich. "Disagreeable \Y/ork." 59
15. Ar;()1 NeuJs. April 6, 1906
16. Ibid.
17. Holmdal~l Papers. Orders. Headquarters 20tl~ Infantry
Zamboanga, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. December 15, 1905,
18. Ar!1!)1 Ne!l!s. April 6, 1906.
8.
20th Infantry
9.
Regiment
Chapter 3
Institute of Oral I-{istory. Ul1iversity of Texas at El Paso. Interview
with
Brig. Gen. S.L.A. Marshall. No.181 Interview by Richard Estrada.
January 5,7,9,11,19,1975. 37.
McGaw. j'outhlvest Saga. 98.
Conversations with Gordon Holmdah!.
Snyder, I~ouis L. & Richard B. Morris, Eds. A lreasul~)1 of Great
Reportillg.
New York. Simon & Schuster, 1949. 268.
4. Ibid.
5. Ar!1!)1 News. April 26, 1906.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. London, Jack. Colliers WeeklY Magazine. May 5, 1906.
9. Ibid.
10. Holmdahl Papers. Handwritten Diary Page. April 18-26, 1906.
11, Ibid.
12. Army Neuls. December 6, 13, 1906.
1.
2.
3.
1
Notes
201
Chapter 4
Holmdahl Papers Handwritten Diary. 2.
Davis, Richard Harding. NeuJ O!'lealls DallY Pic'!)lune. October 27,
1892. 3:6
Langley, Lester D. & Thomas Schoonover. TIle Ballana Men, Lexington. The
Uillversit)' Press of Kentuck)', 1995. 63.
4, Ibid. 39.
5 Ibid. 99.
6. Ibid. 99.
7 Ibid.85
8. Meed, Douglas V. Bloo4y Bol-der. Tucson: \Y.festemJore Press, 1992.
75.
9. Ibid. 86.
10. Davis, Richard Harding. Notes of a War Correspondent. New York.
Charles
Scribner's Sons, 1911. 189,190.
11. Leibson, Art. Sal11 Dreben "The I;-;ghting Jew". Tuscon: Westernlore
Press,
1996. 57.
12. The .5aturd,?)1 Bladc, Chicago. December 13, 1913.
13 I"angley & Schoonover, Ballalla Mell, 68.
14. Leibson. ,5'alll D!'ebell. vii-viii.
15. Richardson, Tracy. "A Soldier of Fortune's Story.'1 I-,.berry
Magazille. October
10,1925.
16. For accounts of tl~e adventures of Sam Dreben, Tracy Richardson, Tex
O'Reill)' and other soldiers of fortune of that era see:
Meed, Douglas. Bloody Border. Tucson: Westernlote Press, 1992.
17 Richardson, Tracy. '~ Soldier of Fortune's Story."
18. Langley & Schoonover. Banana !v fen. 190.
19. El Paso TI!11es. December 8, 1913.
1.
2
3
Chapter 5
I(rauze, Enrique. Me-,-,CO: Biog!'apf!y of PO11)er: A Hlstor:)1 of !vioderll
Me.";(ico, 1810-
1996. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997. 240.
Holmdahl Papers. '~s a Soldier of Fortune and Filibuster in Mexico:'
(Hereinafter referred to as Filibuster.) 1.
Ibid.
For the Cananea strike see B/OOdy Bol-der, 1-32,
For background on Flores Magon and the radical movement, see: Hart, John
M. Anarchism and the Mexican Workillg Class, 1860-1931. Austin:
University of
Texas Press, 1987.
Flores Mag6n, Ricardo and David Poole, eds. Land alld uberty: Anarchist
Influences in the Me-,-7call Re~'olution. Sanday: Cienfuegos Press,
1977. 46.
Ibid. 63.
Filibuster. 2.
Holmdahl Papers.
undated.
Handwritten manuscript entitled "Bloody Mexico."
}
202
S oldier of Fortune
Filibuster. 2
10. McGaw lt~tervie\v. Holmdahl Papers, There is a memo on the
letterhead of
FerrocarriJ De Sud-Pacifico de Mexico dated December 11, 1909 which
states. "To \Xfhom it Ma)' Conceru This is to certify that the bearer Mr
E.I",
Holmdal1l has worked for the Commissary Department since July 10, 1909
and is leaving the service of his o'.vn accord, furthermore beg to state
that his
services were very satisfactory. \\;~C. Dunn Jr."
11 Letter. E.I" Holmdahl to Adjutant General U.S. J\rm)'. December
24,1913.
National Archives.
12, Historical and Biographical Dictionary of tl~e Mexican Revolution.
International Section. Instituto Nacional de Estudios Historicos de I"a
Revoluci6n Mexicana, Mexico Cit)'.
13. Mason, Gregory. "The Mexican Man of the Hour." Outlook A1agazille.
June
6,1914. 302.
14. Perez, Esther R. & James & Nina Kallas, eds. Those years 0/ the
Rel)Olution: As
Told by r7eteralls 0/ the fPar. San Jose, California Aztlan 1(Jda)',
1974. 134
15. Ibid. 194.
16.
9.
McGaw Interview.
17. Filibuster. 10.
18. Mexican Consulate at El Paso Biographical Sketch of Emil Holmdahl.
Chapter 6
1
DuToit, Brian M. Boer j'ettlflJ in the SouthJvest. El Paso: Texas \xrestern
Press
Southwestern Studies No.101. Uni'.'ersit)' of Texas At El Paso, 1995,
2-18.
Garibaldi, Giuseppe. A Toast to Rebel!zon New York: The Bobs-Merrill
Company, 1935. 303.
Ruiz, Ran~on Eduardo. 7lill11phs and Trt{gecfy: A Hi.rto~7! 0/ the
A1e.xican 1)eople
New York and Londou \V \V Norton & Company, 1992. 294.
Turner, John Kennetl~. Barbarous Mexico. Austin: University of Texas
Press,
1984 edition. 29.
Thord-Gray, I. Gringo Rebel.
90-101.
Barbarous Mexico. 31.
I<:night, Alan. The Mexicall Revolution. Boston: Cambridge Universit)'
Press,
1986, Volume I. 336.
The Da:{y Alexican. Mexico City. March 2, 1912. A Luncheon Program for
the event is in the Holmdahl Papers.
2.
3
4,
5.
11:iami. University of I\1:iami Press, 1960.
6.
7.
8.
Chapter 7
1.
I~etter: E.L. Holmdahl to Adjutant General United States Army. March 4,
1912. National Archives.
Notes
203
5
Lettef" Adjutal~t Genera] Ul~ited States Army to E.L Holmdahl August 23,
1912. National Archives.
Gilly, Adolfo The ,~1e.':"icall Revolutioll: Tl~etford, Norfolk, Great
Britain: The
Thetford Press Ltd, 1983. 65
Camin, Hector Aguilar and lorenzo Me)'er, JJ? the Shadow 1!1 the /~le."jcall
Revolutioll: Contemporal.:y ,~1e.,,7Call HI5tor}) 1910.1989. Austin.
U!liVerslt)' of
Texas Press, 1993. 22
\Y/omack, John Jr Zapat{l alld tlie ,~1e.':"icall l{evollitioli New
Y.ork. Vintage
Books, 1970 edition. 127.
Gilly TI)e ,~1exicall Revolution. 69,
Dunn, H.H. TI)e C,-imson Jester: Zapata of Mexico. New York. Robert M.
McBride & Company, 1933. 18.
8. Ibid. 24.
9. Gill),. The Me.xican Rec'Olutioll. 71.
10. Ibid. 83
11. Filibuster. 10.
12. I~etter: E.l" Ho]mdahl to Adjutant General United States Army. April
21,
1912. National Archives
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Filibuster. 10.
16. Ibid
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20, Ibid.
21. Brunk, Samuel. EmiliallO Zapata: Revolutioll and Betra)lal ill Me-xico.
Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995. 46.
22. Ibid. 76.
23. Ibid, 76.
24. Conversations with Gordon Holmdahl.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Author's examlnation of the pistol, Dublin, California, April, 1997.
William
"Buffalo Bill" Cody carried an earlier model of this pistol caUed the
"Schofield." While Cody was guiding the Grand Duke Alexis of Russia on a
buffalo-hunting trip in the American West, tl~e Duke noticed the weapon,
fired it and was so impressed he placed a large order of pistols for use
by the
Russian military. With the addition of a spur below the trigger guard
for
placement of the second finger, the "Schofield" became known as the
"Russian Model." Did the pistol belong to Zapata? There is only supposi-
tion. It is doubtful Holmdahl would have misspelled Cuernavaca; the
dubiously literate Zapata might have, Also, a pistol of sucl~ historical
signif-
icance would be worth a considerable sum of money to collectors.
2.
3.
4
6
7
204
S oldier of Fortune
Holmdahl, although sometimes strapped for money, never attempted to seU
it but kept it until his deatl~ when it was inherited by ills brother
and later his
nephew, Gordon Hoh11dahl.
Chapter 8
Meyer, Michael C. lV1e.xicall Rebel: Pascual OrozCO and tho? ,V1exicaIJ
Ret'olution
1910-1915. Lincoln: Universit)1 of Nebraska Press, 1967. 24.
Perez. Those )7eal:r of the Revolution. 120.
Camin and Meyer. !11 the Shadou' of the JWexicall Revolutioll. 28.
Ruiz. Tnumphs alld lrage4J'. 324.
Meyer. Mexican Rebel 68.
IZrauze. /vfexico: Biograpl!)' of POJ1Jer. 309
Outlook June 6, 1914. 394.
Meed. BI004y Border. 95-97.
Ricl~ardson, Tracy. '~ Soldier of Fortune's Story." In L:.be1-ry October
31,
1925.
9, Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Filibuster. 11.
12. HIstorical and Biographical Dictiollar)' of the /'vfex-ican
Revolution. International
Section.
Filibuster.
13. Monterrry [California] /'vfe.xicall-/lmerii"an. June 12, 1912.
14. Richardson. "Soldier of Fortune."
15. Montetfry [California] /'vfexican-American. June 12,1912.
16. La .)el11ana Illllstrada (Weekly Illustrated news magazine). June,
1912.
17, Letter: E.L. Holmdahl to Adjutant General United States Army. August
9,
1912, National Archives.
18. Historical and Biog117phical Dictionary. Mexico City.
19. Holmdahl Papers. Kosterlitzky to Holmdahl. October 24, 1912.
20. Holmdahl Papers. Holmdahl's handwritten report dated December
28,1912.
This report tells of "Red Flagger" operations in El Paso. Addressee
unknown but probably sent to both General Trucy Aubert and the U.S
Bureau of Investigation.
21. Ibid.
22. Holrndahl Papers. Letter from Agent [name undecipherable],
Department of
Justice, Bureau of Investigation, Douglas, Arizona, November 4, 1913, to
L.L. Hall, El Paso.
23. Holmdahl Papers. Note from H.J. Temple to Holmdahl. September 9,
1911.
24. Katz, Friedrich. The Secret U?ar in MexIco: EuropeJ the Umted
j'tates, and the
Mexicall Revolution. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1981. 92.
25. Ibid. 97, 98.
26. Ibid. 105.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Notes
205
27. Ruiz. Tnt,11iphs alld Tragedy. 327.
28. Ibid.
29 Letter. E.J~. Holmdahl to Adjutant General United States Arm)'.
24, 1913. National Archives.
30 El PasIJ llvforllin,g Nelvs. December 8, 1913.
December
Chapter 9
Dobie, ]. Frank. Apac!;e (;old ,md l';;1qui SiilJer. New York' Little,
Brown &
Compan)', 1938. 323.
Krauze. ;\1e,ocico: Biogl"(lp!J} of POIJJer 306,307.
Torres, Elias L Tu)ell(J! Episodes lil the LIft of Pancho r7illa.
Austin. Tl~e Encino
Press, 1973. x,
I<rauze. lWexico: Biogl-apl?y of Poll'er. 308.
Torres. TJlJell(J! Episodes ill the LIft or Pallcho r/I!la. x.
Ca11~in and Meyer. !11 the Shadow of the Mexicall Revolutiorl. 42, 43.
Guzmin, Martin Luis. ,Wel11oirs of Pancho Villa. Austin' University of
Texas
Press,1973. 100.
8. El Paso Mormng Ne1l)s. December 8, 1913.
9. Guzl~~:in. Memoirs of Pallcho T/7illa. 100.
10. "Victorias Del Genera] Villa."(Victories of General \Tilla) T.F.
Serrano and
C. Del Vando. F:l Paso, Texas, 1913. 63. This is a pamphlet written in
Spanish in \Jossession of the author.
11. Thord-Gray. Gringo Rebel. 36-38.
12. San FI"(lndsCO Call November 25, 1913.
13. Holmdahl Papers. Unidentified newspaper clipping.
14. jan Fl-ancisco Call November 25, 1913.
15, Katz, Friedrich. The Life and TI1Iies of Pallcho Villa.
University Press, 1998. 228.
16. Ibid.
17. The CrestonAdvertiser-Gazette. Apri14, 1914.
18, The j'atul-d'?), Blade. Chicago. December 13,1913.
19. Richardson. "A Soldier of Fortune's Story."
20. Institute of Oral History. Number 181. University of Texas at El
Paso.
Interview with Brig. Gen. S.L.A. Marshall. Interviewed by Richard
Estrada. July 5,7,9,11,19,1975.
21. Ibid.
22. LetteL E.L Holmdahl to Adjutant General United States Arm)'.
December
24, 1913. National Archives.
23. Ibid.
24. Torres, lwen!y Episodes ill the uft of Pancho Villa, 8-12.
25. Ibid.
26. New )ork Times. June 20,1914. 2:3.
27. Katz. The Llje and Tilnes of Pancho Villa. 331.
28. Ibid.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Stanford: Stanford
)
206
S oldier of Fortune
29. lbid 343.
30, Ibid. 388.
Chapter 10
Reed, John. li1sul;gent ,~le"lco, Middlesex, I:::nglal~d: Penguin Books,
J~td, 1983
69
El Paso Tillles. Octobel.14,15,17,19,22, 1915
El Paso Herald. October 14,15,18,19,20,1915.
l!\!ew )olk Tllnes October 21,1915.
The background and discussion of the plot and trial are from the listed
news-
paper accounts.
Ibid,
Hohndahl Papers
Holmdahl.
El Paso Tllnes and E/Paso Herald October 14-22, 191.5
Holmdahl PalJers TeJegram. December 12, 1914.
FO1\Varding Co, To Holmdahl.
lbid. Telegram. December 12, 1914 1 :58 p.m. Pearce Fol-wardinl:; Co to
Hojmdal~l.
8. Ibid. Telegram. December 12, 1914. 2.23 p.m. M. Brennan to Hoh~ldah).
9. Ibid. Telegral~~. Januar)' 10, 1915. M. Brennan to Holmdahl.
10 Ibid. Letter. February 23,1915. Brig. Gen. J.H Hernandez to Mayor Tom
Lea.
11. Ibid, Transcripts of six staten~ents taken from l~uercista officers.
December,
1915.
12. Camin and IvIeyer. !11 the jhado1v or the !IIlexican Revolution. 50.
13. Martinez, Oscar J. Fr"agments of the Mexican Revolntion: Per:ronal
ACCOUllis Fro111 t!Je
Bor-der Albuquerque: Universit)T of New Mexico Press, 1983. 248, 249
14. Ibid.,249.
15. El Paso Ti111esand El Paso Herald. October 21-22,1915.
16. Application for Commission in the United States Army. FO!1~l No.88-4
(3 pages). E.L. Holmdahl to Adjutant General United States Army.
December 29, 1915. National Archives.
17. Letter. Adjutant General U nited States Army to E.L. Holmdahl. March
28,
1916.
18. Clendenen, Clarence C. Tbe U nited S tates and PanCho ~/Illa: A
j'tu4)1 in
Unconvmtional Diplo112afY. Port Washington, N, Y: Kennikat Press, 1961.
70,
80,84. .
19. A fuU discussion of the Plan de San Diego can be found in the
following
books and articles:
Gerlach, AUen. "Conditions Along the Border-1915: The Plan de San
Diego." New Mexico Historical RevieJl}. July, 1968. 195-207.
Hager, \Yfilliam M. "The Plan of San Diego: Unrest on the Texas Border
in
1915." Arizona and the West. Winter, 1963. 327 -336.
1.
2.
3.
4
Telegram.
October 15, 1914.
O.R. Seagraves to
5.
6.
10.50 a.m.
Pearce
7.
N otes
207
Harris, Charles H. III and Sadler, Louis R. ]jJe Bol-der alld the
RevolutioJ? J~as
Cruces: New Mexico State Universit)', 1988, 72-98.
Katz, Friedrich, The SeC1"et U;ar ill j\1e."ico. 340-342
Meed. Bloody Bol-del: 115-134.
Rocha, Rodolfo. IjJe II!filleJ?ce 01 the "\1exicall Revolutioll OIl the
j\1e",ico Te,as
Border 1910-1916. Lubbock. Texas Tech Uni\'ersity, 1961. [PhD
Dissertation] 319-325.
Sandos, James A. "The Plan de San Diego. War and Diplomacy on the Texas
Border 1915-1916." Anzolla alldthl' U;/est. Spring,1972. 5-24.
20. Clendennen. The United States and Pancho [7illa. 72.
21. Ibid.,211.
22 Ibid.,210.
23. Katz. The ljfl' and Ti11Jes 1!1 Pancho vIlla. 550, 551.
24. Ibjd., 551-555.
I<rauze. IvIexico: Biograpl?J of POJJ!er 328,329.
Ruiz. ]rillmph and TI11ged)l. 334
25. Tompkjns, Colonel Frank. Chasillg vTilla
Publishing Company, 1934. 58
26. Ibid., 55, 56, 88.
27. Vandivcr. Black Jack. 604.
28 O'Connor, Rjchard. Black Jack Perrhill,€. Garden City, N.Y.
Doubleda)T &
Company Inc., 1961. 87.
29. Toulmin, Colonel H.A. !j;"itb Pl'rshin,g ill Me"xico. Harris\Jurg.
Military Service
Publisl~ing Compan)', 1935. 20-21.
Chapter 11
Harrisburg. Military Ser,'ice
1.
2.
Vandjver. Black Jack. 605.
Tlle story of the tirst Aero Squadron is told in the fol]owing
Clendenen, Clarence C. Blood OIl the Bol-der. London. The Macmillan Co,
1969, 315-322
Mason, Herbert Mallo)" Jr. The Great Pui"fuit. New York Random House,
1970. 103-119,121.
Vandiver. Black Jack. 605, 660.
Harris, Charles H. III & Sadler, Louis R The Bol-der alld the
Revolutioll. Las
Cruces: New Mexico State University, 1988. 17.
The South1J/esterner. Vol. 2, No.4. October,1962. 13.
Leibson. S.a111 Drebell. 108-109.
Braddy, Haldeen. "Myths of Pershing's Mexican Campaign." Southern
Folklore Qliartelj)l. Volume XXVII. September, 1963. Number 3. 184
Mason. The Great PurJ"uit. 132.
Clendenen, Clarence. Blood On The Border: The United alld States AI7l?J
the
Mexican Irregulars. London: The Macmillan Compan)l, 1969. 260,261.
Ibid., 262, 263.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
J.
208
S'o!dier of Fortulze
10 Blumenson, Martin, Ed.
Compan)', 1972. 362.
Meed, Douglas V, "Lieutenant Patton's Raid." True l1;est 1\1agazllle.
May
1997. 44-48.
11. Blumenson. The Pattoll Papers 362
12. Ibid., 363.
13. Ibid., 364-365.
14 Brittain, Don L. '~ Civilial~ With Pershing In Mexico." Passu'o1d
Quartel:6!.
Volume XIV Number 2 Summer 1969. 50.
15. Blumenson. The Patton Papers. 367.
16. NeJI} l/ork TiTIJes. May 23, 1916 5.
17. Brittain. '~ Civilian With Pershing in Mexico!' 51.
18. Holmdahl Papers. Letter. May 20, 1916. George Pat ton to WI~om It
May
Concern.
19. Ibid. Note. Ju]y 10, 1916, \VW Reed, (-=aptain, 6th Cavalr)' to
Commander
of the Guard.
20. Ibid. Letter. Ju]y 24, 1916. M.C. Shallenberger to Quartermaster at
tl~e
Base, Colun~bus, N.M
21. Ibid Telegr,tm. December, 1916. Major General Frederick Funston to
Holmdahl.
22 Holmdahl Papers. Telegram December 26, 1916 C;eneral Flynn. Hdqts
606 Brigade To Scout Holmdahl.
23, Meed, Douglas. "Suicide Charge at Carriza]" True Ll'7est Jviagazille.
Volume
40. Number 9, September, 1993. 20-25
24. Vandi,'er. BlackJack 667
25 Ibid., 685-686
IIJe PattoJ1 Papers.
Boston: Houghton hfjfflin
Chapter 12
1
Holmdal~l Papers. Letter. Holmdahl to US, Attorney General. February 1,
1917.
Ibid. Letter. U.S. Marshal, Austin, Texas to Holmdahl. Februar)' 9,
1917.
Ibid. Letter. Col.J.A. Ryan to Holmdahl, February 17,1917.
Ibid. Letter. Holmdah] to Col. JA. Ryan. February 22, 1917.
Ibid, Letter. Rep. Jeff McLemore to Hol111dahl. March 19, 1917
Ibid. Letter Maj. Gen. John J. Pershing, U.S. Army Commanding to Hon.
Jeff McLen~ore. March 11,1917.
Ibid. Letter. Maj. Gen. Pershing to Attorney General of the Army. March
14,1917.
Ibid. Newspaper clipping undated
Ibid. Letters. Asst. U.S. Attorney to Holmdahl. March 21,1917.
Asst. U.S. Attorney to Holmdahl. April 14, 1917.
10. Ibid. Letter. Mayor Tom Lea to US. Attorney' General. April 21,
1917.
11. Ibid. Letter. Holmdahl to Frank Polk. Dept. of State. April 30,
1917.
2.
3.
4
5.
6,
7.
8.
9.
Notes
209
12. Bradd)', Haldeen. "I\IIyths of Pershing's Iv1exican Cal~~paign" .Southerll
folklore
Quarteli)l. Volume XXVII, September, 1963. Number 3. 191
13 j'\Tew yolk 1lllJes Magazj!le. "The Macl~ine Gun Man of the Princess
Pats:'
October 31,1915.
14 Meed BlootfJ' Border. 109-110.
15. Ibid. Telegram Ivlajor Sam Robertsol~, Sixth Reserve Engineers to
Rep Jeff
McLemore. Jul~e 6, 1917
16. Ibid. Telegram. Major Sam Robertson to Frank Polk, Dept of State.
June
7, 1917
17. Ibid. Letter. Holmdahl to F.C. Proctor. Jul)' 21,1917.
18. Ibid. Letter. 1 st Lt H.L. Taylor to Adj. Gen. U.S. Arm)'. July 17,
1917,
19. Ibid. Report of Physical Examination b)1 U.S. Army. December 10,
1918
20. Oaklalld TrihJlne. August 20, 1917.
21. Holmdahl Papers. Memo. Adj. Gen. G.W Read to \'Var Dept A.G.O. July
17,1917.
22. Ibid. Letter.
23. Ibid. Letter,
24. Ibid. Letter.
1917.
25. Ibid I"etter. HoJmdahl to Joseph P. Tumulty, Sec. to Presjdent \Y/oodrow
\Y/ilson. December 19, 1918
26. Buchanan, John A Hljto~)' 1!1 the Great Lf;"/ar.
Houghton Mifilin Company, 1922 86.
27. Historical Report of the (:-hief Engilleel" !11cluding fill
Opel~tions of the Eilc~illeer
Departmellt Amelicall Expeditiollal:Y Forces 1917-1919. Washingtol~ D.C.
Government Printing Office, 1919. 158.
28. Ibid.,161-162.
29. The story of Carey's Chickens is told in:
Halsey, Francis Whiting. The Lz.tel~I1 Digest HISt°!1 of the rr/orld
rVt11 VoJ. 5.
New York and London. Funk & \Y/agnalls Company, 1919. 9-15.
Horne, Charles F., Ed. The Great Evellts of the Great War. Vol. \11.
National
Alumni Press. 1920. 68-79.
30. Hart, B.H. Liddell. Replltatiolls Jell le,ll:r J4fter. Bostou
Little, Bro'.vn &
Company,1928. 141-142.
31. Historical Report of the Chief Engineer. 162.
32. Home, Charles F., Ed. Great Events of the Great War. 77.
33. Historical Report of the Chief Engineer. 180-181.
34. Holmdahl Papers. \Y/ar Department Telegram. Department of Engineers
to
Holmdahl. September 2, 1918.
35. Ibid. Letter. Holmdahl To Commanding Officer 97th Engineers, Camp
Leach. November 23,1918,
36. Los Angeles Times, February 26, 1967.
37. Conversations with Gordon Holmdahl. Dublin, California. ApriJ, 1997.
Holmdahl to Sen. Morris Sheppard. July 21, 1917.
Holmdahl to Rep. Jeff McLemore. July 21, 1917.
.Tames 1\. Fincl~, Dept. of Justice to Holmdahl. Oct(Jber 171
Volume IV.
New York.
)
210
S oldier of Fortune
Chapter 13
1.
F~olmdahl Papers, I~etter AJ. Bruff, Asst. Director of Sales, U.S \\;7ar
Department To Anglo-South American Bank, I~td., Madrid. September 3,
1919
Ibid. Letter. E:C. I\1orse, Director of SaJes, U.S. \Y/ar Departn~ent to
Holmdahl. May 25, 1920.
IIJid. Newspaper cli}J from undated El Paso ne\vspaper. c. early 1920's
\'(!ellman, Paul I. /i L?)111as!J' of l1:/esterll Outlaws. New York:
Bonanza Books,
1961. 276-280.
Patterson, Richard. The 'l,iJill Robbe!7 Era.
Publishing Company, 1991. 117,118.
Stewart, William C. "Soldier's Ghost Walks With Villa's Head" Los
AI~eJtS
Titlzes. February 19,1967.
Holmdahl Papers. Clipping from Sall FliJnC1SCO Examiller. Undated, c.
early
1920's.
Ibid. Los Angeles newspaper Undated, c. 1920's.
Ibid. I"and deed signed b)' Holmdahl, Jenllingsi and Hughes on Februar)'
3,
1926 in the town of Carn~argo, state of Chihuahua,
Ibid. Unnamed newspaper clipping. Headline "Ex Bank Robber To Turn
~1iher." c. 1926.
2,
3.
4
Boulder, Colorado' Pruett
5.
6.
7,
8.
9.
Chapter 14
1.
2.
Southwesterner. Volume 2, Number 3. September, 1962.
Stories of Villa's n~issinghead arc told in detail in the following
publications:
Neu! lol:kel'. "The Cabeza de Villa." November 27,1989. 108-120.
Bradd)', Haldeen. "The Head of Pancho Villa." Ir:/estertl rolklore.
Berkele)'
and Los Angeles. Universit)i of California Press. Volume XIX. January,
.1960. Number 1. 25-33.
~leed, Douglas V. "Who Stole Pancho Villa's Head?" Trlle west Magazille.
August,1996. 14-19.
,Southern Folklore QuarterlY. Volume 27. September, 1963. Number 3. 192.
El Paso Titnes. February 15,1 9, 1989.
Ivlany of the details of his interrogation, according to Holmdahl, were
related in an interview in the El Paso TIlnes February 15, 1926.
I./Js Angeles T1Jnes. Februar)' 15, 1967. 6.
Williams, Ben, Let the Tail Go lJith the Hide. El Paso. ~langan Books,
1984,
78-81.
Ibid, 266.
Katz. The Life alld ]j111es of Pancho v7illa. 789.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Notes
211
Chapter 15
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Los Allgeles TilJJes. February 19, 1967.
Holmdahl Papers. Unnamed, undated California newspaper clipping
El Paso Herald. June 29, 1926
Ibid.
BI"oll'ml'ood [Texas] Bulletin, April 7, 1927
Conversacions with Gordon Holn~dahl
Phoel1i,," Evming Gazette. January 4, 1930.
8. Holmdahl Papers. Unnamed Phoenix newspaper. January 14, 1930.
9. Fort Worth Star-Telegratn. January 31,1932.
10. Walker, Dale L. Mavericks Ten UnCOrltllled fi:;estel-llers. Phoenix:
Golden \Y/est
Publishers, 1989. 80-81.
11 Fort If/orth Star-Telegram. May 24,1932.
12. Ibid.
13. Conversations ,.yjth Gordon Holmdahl.
14. Register of Copyrights Copyright Office of the United States of
America,
Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Ma)1 8, 1939. The original sheet
music of "Soldado de Fortune" is in the possession of Gordon Holmdahl.
15. Holmdahl Papers. Letter. From Holmdahl to Arm)1 Adjutant General.
16. Dlccionario Historicoy Biograjlco de la Revolucioll fvIe,,"icana.
Seccion Internacional
Mexico Cit)'.
17. Southwesterner. Volume 2. Number 3. September, 1962.
18. Los Angeles Times. Februar)1 26, 1967.
19. Holmdahl Papers. Overall Plan For Development of Punta Banda.
August,
1958.
20. Southwesterner. Volume 2. Nun~ber 3. September, 1962.
21. Conversations with Gordon Holmdahl.
R
Notes
211
Chapter 15
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Los Allgeles TilJJes. February 19, 1967.
Holmdahl Papers. Unnamed, undated California newspaper clipping
El Paso Herald. June 29, 1926
Ibid.
BI"oll'ml'ood [Texas] Bulletin, April 7, 1927
Conversacions with Gordon Holn~dahl
Phoel1i,," Evming Gazette. January 4, 1930.
8. Holmdahl Papers. Unnamed Phoenix newspaper. January 14, 1930.
9. Fort Worth Star-Telegratn. January 31,1932.
10. Walker, Dale L. Mavericks Ten UnCOrltllled fi:;estel-llers. Phoenix:
Golden \Y/est
Publishers, 1989. 80-81.
11 Fort If/orth Star-Telegram. May 24,1932.
12. Ibid.
13. Conversations ,.yjth Gordon Holmdahl.
14. Register of Copyrights Copyright Office of the United States of
America,
Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Ma)1 8, 1939. The original sheet
music of "Soldado de Fortune" is in the possession of Gordon Holmdahl.
15. Holmdahl Papers. Letter. From Holmdahl to Arm)1 Adjutant General.
16. Dlccionario Historicoy Biograjlco de la Revolucioll fvIe,,"icana.
Seccion Internacional
Mexico Cit)'.
17. Southwesterner. Volume 2. Number 3. September, 1962.
18. Los Angeles Times. Februar)1 26, 1967.
19. Holmdahl Papers. Overall Plan For Development of Punta Banda.
August,
1958.
20. Southwesterner. Volume 2. Nun~ber 3. September, 1962.
21. Conversations with Gordon Holmdahl.
R
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