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THE CIA'S SECRET WAR IN TIBET -- INDEX |
Acheson, Dean. 7, 31, 262n, 265n Aderholt, Harry "Heinie," 127-128, 130, 133 Air America, 114, 115, 118, 126, 128-129. 131, 140, 159, 164, 191,197, 215, 216, 255 Aircraft types: An-l2. 230, 242, 243, 293n B-17, 58, 59, 60, 61,62, 63, 64,65, 71, 74, 75, 107, 269n B-26, 58, 103, 289n B-29, 44 Bell 47G, 196 Boeing 707, 172 C.46, 190, 191, 192, 207-208, 219, 227, 141, 242, 286n, 290n C-47, 57, 60 C-54, 45,74 C-118, 45, 46, 60, 74, 75-76, 78, 86, 87, 97, 98, 103-105, 106, 1l2, 117, 128, 216, 271n, 276n C-119, 187, 188,190, 208 C-124,165-166 C-130, 110, 112-114, 115, 116-118, 119, 122, 123, 126, 127, 129-131, 132-133, 140-141, 158, 164, 172, 191, 209, 215, 219, 230, 241, 276n DC-4,74 DC-6, 45, 112, 174, 210, 217-219, 290n DC-7C, 112 Helio Courier. See U-10 Mi-4, 209, 241 MiG-21, 172, 209 Nord Noratlas, 180 P2V, 58, 103 727 jets, 210 Tupolev-4 (Tu-4), 26, 264n Twin Helio, 207, 210, 130, 255, 288n U-2, 57, 104. 115, 120, 133, 134, 137, 155, 159, 205 U-10, 191, 192, 207, 255, 288n Air Resupply and Communications Wing, 44, 128, 268n Air Ventures, 196-197, 207, 215, 290n Allison, John, 18, 19 Amdo Tsering, 237-238, 259 Anand, M.K., 285n Andersen, Roland "Andy," 75, 117, 127, 130, 164 Angleton, James, 167 ARC (Indian organization). See Aviation Research Centre ARC (U.S. Air Force unit). See Air Resupply and Communications Wing Archer, Harry, 135 "Arnold." See Wangchuk Tsering Athar, 42-43, 44, 53, 54, 62, 63-65, 66, 68-70, 73, 77, 79, 91-93, 97, 255, 270n, 271n, 277n Aubrey, Bob, 75, 76, 104 Aviation Research Centre, 191-192, 194, 196, 200, 207-208, 209-210, 215, 219, 226, 230, 241-242, 243, 255, 256, 290n Ayub Khan, 160, 166 Baba Yeshi, 148-153, 154, 158, 160-162, 168, 197-199, 201, 217-218, 221-222, 231-234, 239, 249, 250, 252, 258 Ballew, Monty, 59 Bane, Howard, 157 Barnes, Truman "Barney," 104-105 Bell. Sir Charles, 51, 52 Bellingham, John, 236, 239-240,246, 256 Bhusang, 140, 143-144, 259, 280n Bhutan, 20, 21, 29, 71, 145, 176, 194, 202, 220, 271n "Bill" (translator). See Tamding Tsephel Bird & Son, 216 Birendra, King Bir Birkram Shav Dev, 247-248, 252, 259, 293n Bissell, Richard, 155,167, 282n, 285n Blee, David, 167, 174, 182, 183, 234, 241, 256 Booth, Henry "Hank," 225, 226 Bowles, Chester, 155, 209, 215, 219 Broe, William, 35, 139, 265n Brown, Lyle, 164 "Bruce." See Donyo Pandatsang Buck, Stuart, 64, 270n Bunker, Ellsworth, 155, 282n Cathey, Kenneth "Clay," 151-152, 157-158, 162 Cesare, Don, 134, 137, 138, 165-166, 167 CFA. See Committee for a Free Asia Chiang Kai-shek, 4, 5, 6, 30, 31, 38, 100-101, 102-103, 265n Choni Yeshi, 259, 278n, 279n Chushi Gangdruk, 71, 72, 139 Chu Shi-kuei, General, 30, 31 Civil Air Transport, 37, 38, 44, 57, 74-75, 82, 103, 114 Cline, Ray, 102 Colby, William, 200, 287n Committee for a Free Asia, 14-15, 20, 30, 229, 262n Cox, Walter, 42 Critchfield, James, 155, 156, 173-174, 175, 224, 229, 281n, 283n, 288n Crown Prince of Sikkim, 21, 24, 27-28, 33, 41, 265n Czekalski, Franciszek, 58, 61, 62 Dagg, Herbert, 45 Dalai Lama, 9 Fifth Dalai Lama, 9 Fourteenth Dalai Lama, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16-17, 18, 23, 24-25, 31, 69, 85, 99, 252 and Buddha Jayanti celebration, 27-28, 30, 33-35, 36-37, 41, 43, 64, 67, 87, 94, 266n and flight from Tibet, 90-93, 94-97, 119, 168, 176, 205, 213, 272n, 273n in exile, 98, 123-124, 125, 146, 177, 179, 202, 230, 231, 240, 243, 246, 247, 248, 250, 258, 259, 283n Thirteenth Dalai Lama, 10, 50, 51 Da!ley, Larry, 21-22, 23 Dalvi, John, 168-169, 170 Damshung airfield, 24, 68,77, 270n Demmons, William, 75, 117 Dhondup Gyatotsang, 244-245 "Dick" (Saipan graduate). See Tashi Dittrich, Arthur, 128 Dolan, Brooke, 7, 22, 263n Donyo Pandatsang, 122, 132 Doole, George, 112 Drobny, Jan, 58 Drumright, Everett, 103 Dulles, Allen, 54, 59, 92, 97, 99, 125, 134, 138, 151, 156, 157, 159, 160, 173, 267n, 274n, 279n EAGLE (Operation), 244, 246, 257 Eisenhower, Dwight, 34, 92, 96-97, 100, 125, 133, 134, 137, 138, 149-150, 155, 235, 265n, 266n, 273n Ekvall, Robert, 15-16, 18 Erskine, Graves, 113, 116 Eschbach, Robert, 193 "Establishment 22." See Special Frontier Force FitzGerald, Desmond, 83-84, 86, 102, 113, 125, 134, 137, 155, 156, 167, 173-174, 200, 206, 229, 272n, 278n, 284n, 289n Forrestal, Michael, 194 Fosmire, Thomas, 82, 84, 86-87, 88, 106, 107, 108, 109, 116, 117-118, 131, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 255, 277n, 279n Galbraith, John Kenneth, 154-156, 158, 159, 163, 166, 173, 182, 183, 209, 281n, 284n, 288n Gandhi, Indira, 219, 229, 235-236, 256, 258, 291n Gates, Thomas, 100 Gelung, 43, 98 GEMINI (project), 227 Gen Gyurme, 218, 221, 250-251, 253 Georgetown University, 87, 167, 205 Geshe Wangyal, 48-52, 53, 55, 64, 68, 81-82, 86, 91-92, 110, 131, 259, 268n, 271n Gilhooley, John, 132, 211, 220 Gompo Tashi Andrugtsang, 39, 40, 64, 66-70, 77-78, 80, 86, 89-90, 97, 119-120, 145, 146-148, 150, 197, 232, 278n, 286n Gordon, Harry, 135 Gougelmann, Tucker, 223-225, 255-256, 291n, 293n "Grant," 203, 212 Gray, Gordon, 97 Greaney, John, 85, 87, 92, 126, 135, 157 Grewal, Laloo, 188, 190, 191, 256 Grimsley, William, 167, 200, 227, 230, 287n Gross, Ernest, 124, 125 Gurkhas, 83, 178, 183, 185-186, 226 Gyalo Thondup, 30-35, 36-37, 39, 40-41, 42, 43, 55, 68, 71, 72, 73, 89, 95-96, 97-98, 115, 123, 129, 151, 156-157, 160, 171-172, 174, 177, 179, 193, 200, 202, 230, 231-232, 240, 259, 265n, 266n, 273n, 292n visits United States, 31,124-125,137, 166, 194, 206, 287n Gyanu Babu Adhikari, 250, 251 Harrer, Heinrich, 12, 16, 85 Harriman, Averell, 173, 174, 175, 196 Hart, John, 282n Hawthorne, Mary, 29 Helms, Richard, 155, 167, 229, 288n Henderson, Loy, 11-12, 16, 18, 20, 263n Herter, Christian, 134 Hicks, Neese, 133, 174 Hiu Muslims, 71, 101-105, 150, 238, 261n Holober, Irving "Frank," 64-65, 73-74, 81-82, 119, 206, 267n, 272n Hoskins, John, 29, 33, 36, 39, 42, 55, 73, 94-95,156-157, 164n, 266n, 269n Hudson, Harry, 126, 129, 277n Indonesia, 9, 64, 82, 84, 88, 179-180, 228 Intermountain Aviation, 182, 189 Jackson, C. D., 125 Jamba Kalden, 176-177, 184, 243, 257 Jentzen Thondup, 15-16, 30, 42, 43, 45, 53, 86 Johnson, Lyndon, 208, 215, 219, 235, 291n Johnson, Merrill "Doc," 75,77, 104-105, 114,115, 117, 129-130, 286n Johnson, Miles, 126, 130, 140, 193 Johnson, Shep, 126, 164, 193 Johnson, Woodson "Woody," 222, 229 Judkins, Al, 129, 130, 286n Jukkala, Art, 117 Kalinga Air Lines, 179, 180, 189, 192 Kalsang Gyatotsang, 40 Kao, Rameshwar Nath, 191, 235, 246, 256, 258, 292n Katzenbach, Nicholas, 229 Kaul, B.M., 170-171 "Kay-Kay." See Kesang Kunga Keck, James, 75, 76, 104-105, 117-118, 127, 129 "Ken." See Bhusang Kennedy, John F., 137, 138-139, 154-155, 158, 159-160, 163, 166, 167, 172-174, 175, 194, 208, 209, 279n KesangKunga, 200-201, 202, 204, 232, 239 Kleyla, Robert, 59 Knaus, John "Ken," 87-88, 109-110, 137, 167, 168, 173, 175, 193, 199-201, 202, 204, 214, 287n, 289n Kukula, Princess, 22-23, 29, 31, 145, 266n Kula, Princess, 22 Kuomintang, 4, 5, 7, 30, 37, 39 Laber, Robert, 135-136 Layton, Gilbert, 108-109 Lewis, John, 126 Lhamo Tsering, 73, 86, 87,106, 115, 119, 129, 134, 140, 145, 146-147, 150, 151-153, 162, 172, 197, 231-233, 239-240, 249-250, 251, 252, 259, 281n Lhotse, 54, 55, 62, 63-64, 65, 66, 68-70, 770 79, 91-93, 97, 255, 277n Lilley, James, 84 Linn, Robert, 16,22-23 Lively, Bill, 75,76, 104 Lobsang Jamba, 154,158-159,160,164 Lobsang Samten, 87,88, 206, 263n, 270n Lobsang Tsultrim, 205 Logonov, Anatoli, 240-241 "Lou." See Lhotse Ma Chen-wu, 101 MacPherson, Alex, 257, 293n Magerowski, John, 182 Mahendra, King, 145, 147, 247, 281n Mao Tse.tung, 5, 17, 25, 78, 228 Ma Pu-fang, 4, 102 "Mark" (translator). See Tashi Choedak Marrero, Robert "Moose," 181, 188-190, 209-210, 285n McAllister, Edward, 42, 43 McCarthy, Roger, 55, 60, 62, 119-120, 132, 135, 138, 157, 167, 255, 278n, 282n McCone, John, 173, 175 McElroy, James, 59-60, 103-104, 105, 113-114, 179,182 McNamara, Robert, 165, 173 Menon, Krishna, 166, 170-171, 173, 174, 177 Millian, Kenneth, 23, 29 Milligan, L. Eugene, 41-42, 267n Mills, Billie, 113-115, 116 Mizra, Iskandar, 41, 42 Mullik, Bhola Nath, 32-33, 34, 155-156, 166, 172, 173-174, 178-179, 180-181, 186-187, 190, 196, 210, 214-215, 216, 219, 225, 229, 265n, 282n, 283n, 289n Mustakos, Harry, 53, 54-55, 62, 182, 183, 184, 255, 269n "Nathan." See Ngawang Phunjung National Security Agency, 64 National Security Council, 38 National Volunteer Defense Army (NVDA), 72, 77-78, 89-90, 91-93, 97, 99, 102, 103, 115, 119, 120, 145, 148-150, 176, 231 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 14, 27, 28, 30, 32, 34-35, 41, 93, 96, 145, 166, 170, 172, 173, 180-181, 187, 189, 191, 192, 210, 264n, 266n Ngawang Phunjung, 86, 118, 119, 129, 133, 278n Nixon, Richard, 23, 137, 138, 235-236, 246, 247, 293n Norbu, Thubten, 12, 14-16, 18, 19-20, 30, 34-35, 36, 39, 42, 68, 86, 262n, 263n, 268n on Saipan, 46,53, 54, 64 Norman,George, 113 NVDA. See National Volunteer Defense Army Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), 83, 84 Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 7, 37, 52, 82, 94, 156, 167, 193 Palden Thondup. See Crown Prince of Sikkim Panchen Lama, 263n, 266n Pandatsang, Ragpa, 6, 25-26, 264n Pandatsang, Topgyay, 6 Pandatsang, Yangel, 6 Patnaik, Biju, 179-181, 188-189, 209, 289n Patterson, George, 16, 25-26, 199 PCART. See People's Committee for the Autonomous Region of Tibet Peers, Raymond, 37 Pema Choki. See Kula, Princess Pema Tseudeum. See Kukula, Princess Pema Wangdu, 106, 135 People's Committee for the Autonomous Region of Tibet (PCART), 27, 28, 212 "Pete" (translator). See Pema Wangdu Peterson, Richard "Paper Legs," 104-105, 131, 140 Phala, Thupten Woyden, 11, 67-69, 91, 92-93, 270n Poe, Tony. See Poshepny, Anthony Popovich, Eli, 52 Poshepny, Anthony "Tony Poe," 88, 98, 102, 103, 106-107, 109, 134, 138, 255, 279n Poss, Willard "Sam," 135-136, 154 Powers, Francis Gary, 133, 278n Prouty, Leroy Fletcher, 116-117 Rabi (Indian representative), 200, 201, 202, 204, 211, 221 Rara, 161-162, 231, 250-251, 252, 259 Reagan, John, 35-36, 37, 42, 45, 64 Reams, Robert, 28 Rector, Edward, 191, 209 Redford, Ralph, 47, 151, 281n "Red Stone. " See Amdo Tsering Rhyne, James, 191, 255 Rickard, John, 230 "Rocky." See Thinlay Paljor Rositzke, Harry, 156-158, 167, 282n "Ross. " See Rara Rousselot, Robert, 75 Rusk, Dean, 173 "Sally." See Lobsang Jamba "Sam. " See Tsawang Dorje Sanford, Wayne, 181-182, 183, 190, 194, 196, 207, 209, 217, 222, 226 Schenck, Ray, 75 Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 219 Shires, Justin, 45 Siefarth, Charles "Ken," 183, 186, 222, 225, 255, 291n Sikkim, 11, 20-23, 61, 62, 73, 98, 115, 45, 193, 201, 202, 219, 227, 263n Sims, Eddie, 217-218 Singh, Balbir, 229 Slavin, Joe, 134 Smith, William "Billy the Kid," 87, 88, 106, 134, 138 Smoke jumpers, 56-57, 59-60, 75, 104, 107, 126, 40-141, 164, 182, 193 Soulen, Gary, 23, 31, 265n Southern Air Transport (SAT), 216-217 Special Center, 199-201, 204, 206, 210, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220-222, 230, 232-233, 236-240, 241, 246, 253, 256, 289n Special Forces (Republic of China), 100-101, 274n Special Frontier Force, 184-187, 193, 196-197, 201, 210, 212, 219, 222, Special Frontier Force, continued 225-227, 231, 242-245, 246, 256, 257-258, 284n, 286n, 289n, 291n Special Group, 139, 175, 192, 194, 215, 279n Stark, Ray, 87, 106, 107-108, 120-121, 122, 137, 151 ST BARNUM, 55, 56, 59, 74, 78, 103, 116, 129, 131, 274n, 275n ST CIRCUS, 55, 103, 179 Stephens, Don, 224 Stiles, Jack, 126, 127,129-130 Stites, William, 241 Stone, Howard, 290n Strickler, Gil, 109, 134 "Stuart," 204, 211 ST WHALE, 103,105, 112, 120, 276n Subramanian, T.M., 189-190, 196, 207 Surkhang Shape, 11 Sutphin, Ron, 126 Talbot, Phillips, 155 Tamding Tsephel, 106 Tashi (Saipan student), 53, 65, 71 Tashi Choedak, 98, 106, 132, 135, 138, 140, 143, 233, 238, 239, 241, 273n Taylor, Maxwell, 175 Teams A, 201, 202, 287n B, 201, 202, 287n C, 212-213, 259 D, 201, 203, 204, 211, 287n, 289n DD, 289n F, 214, 220, 259 K, 289n, Q, 202, 287n S, 214, 220, 259 SI, 220 T, 201, 202, 287n U, 213 V, 201, 204, 211 VI, 211-212, 259 W, 289n X, 213 Y, 201, 202-203, 212, 213, 259 Z, 201, 204, 211, 287n Tendar, 198-199 Thacher, Nicholas, 12-14, 22 Thinlay Paljor, 205,252, 286n Thompson, Thomas "T.J.," 182, 183, 184, 185, 192, 255 Thorsrud, Gar, 56-57, 58-59, 61, 75, 112-113, 116-117, 126, 188-190, 285n 303 Committee, 215, 219, 221, 222, 227-228, 230, 239, 279n Thuermer, Angus, 227 "Tim." See Yeshi Wangyal Toler, William, 134 Tolstoy, Ilya, 7, 22 "Tom." See Athar Tsawang Dorje, 54, 65, 71 Tsering Dolma, 16 Tsing-po Yu, 131-132 Turner, John, 23-24, 25 Uban, Sujan Singh, 171, 174, 175, 177-178, 183-187, 222, 225, 242-245, 247, 248, 256, 285n, 291n, 294n Ulmer, Al, 272n Vietnam War, 208, 219-220, 224, 235, 255-256, 291n Walker, Bruce, 193, 194, 220, 236 Wall, Jack,107 Waller, John, 94-95, 234, 273n "Walt." See Wangdu Gyatotsang WangchukTsering, 193, 194, 238-239, 252, 292n Wangdu Gyatotsang, 39-40, 42, 43, 53, 57, 65, 71, 79-80, 86, 231-232, 240-241, 244, 247, 248, 250-252, 258, 268n Welk, William, 75,114, 129,130, 164, 191, 286n Weltman, William, 75,104 Western Enterprises, 37, 38, 55, 58, 119, 267n White, Thomas, 100 Wisner, Frank, 83, 84, 193, 272n Wolfe, Alan, 224 Wylie, Terrell, 194 Yeshi Wangyal, 139-144, 279n, 280n Yutok Dzaza, 22, 23, 263n Zhou En-Iai, 34-35 Zilaitis, Albert "Zeke," 110-112, 120, 122, 134, 136, 140, 222, 225, 279n
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