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REPORT OF THE JOINT INQUIRY INTO THE TERRORIST ATTACKS OF SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 |
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GLOSSARY OF
TERMS AND KEY NAMES [Page 444] GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS ACS: FBI Automated Case System Actionable Intelligence: Intelligence information that is directly useful to customers for immediate exploitation without having to go through the full intelligence production process; it may address strategic or tactical needs, close support of US negotiating teams, or action elements dealing with such matters as international terrorism or narcotics. AIG: Assessments and Information Group -Counterterrorist Center's analytic arm pre-September 11. After September 11th this office became the Office of Terrorism Analysis. Agent (I) A person who engages in clandestine intelligence activity under the direction of an intelligence organization but who is not an office, employee, or co-opted worker of that organization. (2) An individual who acts under the direction of an intelligence agency or security service to obtain, or assist in obtaining, information for intelligence or counterintelligence purposes. (3) One who is authorized or instructed to obtain or to assist in obtaining information for intelligence or counterintelligence purposes. Analysis A process in the production step of the intelligence cycle in which intelligence information is subjected to systematic examination in order to identify significant facts and derive conclusions therefrom. Asset: (I) Any resource -a person, group, relationship, instrument installation, supply -at the disposition of an intelligence agency for use in an operational or support role. (2) A person who contributes to a clandestine mission but is not a fully controlled agent. [ ] BW: Biological Warfare CBRN: Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear CDC: FBI Chief Division Counsel (Chief Field Office Counsel) 424 CIA: Central Intelligence Agency. An Intelligence Community agency established under the National Security Council for the purpose of coordinating the intelligence activities of several US departments and agencies in the interest of national security. The CIA collects, produces, and disseminates foreign intelligence and counterintelligence; conducts counterintelligence activities abroad; collects, produces, and disseminates intelligence on foreign aspects of narcotics production and trafficking; conducts special activities approved by the President; and conducts research, development, and procurement of technical systems and devices. CIR: Central Intelligence Report - A specific form of communicating intelligence from the CIA to other agencies. Clandestine Operation: A preplanned secret intelligence collection activity or covert political, economic, propaganda, or paramilitary action conducted so as to assure the secrecy of the operation; encompasses both clandestine collection and covert action. Classification: The determination that official information requires, in the interest of national security, a specific degree of protection against unauthorized disclosure, coupled with a designation signifying that such a determination has been made; the designation is normally termed a security classification and includes Confidential, Secret, and Top Secret. Compartmentation: (1) Formal system of restricted access to intelligence activities, such systems established by and/or managed under the cognizance of the DCI to protect the sensitive aspects of sources, methods, and analytical procedures of foreign intelligence information, limited to individuals with a specific need for such information and who are therefore given special security clearances and indoctrination in order to have access to it. (2) Establishment and management of an intelligence organization so that information about the personnel, organization, or activities of one component is made available to any other component or individual only to the extent required for the performance of assigned duties. Counterintelligence: Information gathered and activities conducted to protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations, persons, or terrorist activities, but not including personnel, physical, document, or communications security programs. Counterterrorism: Offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond to a 425 terrorist act or the documented threat of such an act. Covert Action: (1) An operation designed to influence governments, events, organizations, or persons in support of foreign policy in a manner that is not necessarily attributable to the sponsoring power; it may [Page 446] include political, economic, propaganda, or paramilitary activities. (2) Operations that are so planned and executed as to conceal the identity of, or permit plausible deniability by, the sponsor. Covert Operation: (Preferred term -Clandestine operation). A covert operation encompassing covert action and clandestine collection. [ ] CSG: Counterterrorism Security Group (also known as the Coordinating Subgroup) CTAU: Counterterrorist Action Unit CTC: DCI's Counterterrorist Center at the CIA [ ] CTD: FBI Counterterrorism Division DCI: Director of Central Intelligence- (1) Primary advisor to the President and National Security Council on national foreign intelligence, appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate. (2) Head of the Intelligence Community and responsible for the development and execution of the National Foreign Intelligence Program. (3) Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. DHS: DIA's Defense Human Intelligence (HUMINT) Service DHS: Department of Homeland Security DIA: The Defense Intelligence Agency is an agency of the Intelligence Community responsible for satisfying the foreign military and military-related intelligence requirements of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Unified and Specified Commands, other Defense components, and, as appropriate, non- defense agencies. It is a provider of military intelligence for national foreign intelligence and counterintelligence products and 426 Dissemination: The timely distribution of intelligence products (in oral, written, or [page 447] graphic form) to departmental and agency intelligence consumers in a suitable form. DNI: Director of National Intelligence Domestic Collection: The acquisition of foreign intelligence information within the United States from governmental or nongovernmental organizations or individuals who are witting sources and choose to cooperate by sharing such information. [ ] EC: FBI Electronic Communication Estimate: (1) An analysis of a foreign situation, development, or trend that identifies its major elements, interprets the significance, and appraises the future possibilities and the prospective results of the various actions that might be taken. (2) An appraisal of the capabilities, vulnerabilities, and potential courses of action of a foreign nation or combination of nations in consequence of a specific national plan, policy, decision, or contemplated course of action. (3) An analysis of an actual or contemplated clandestine operation in relation to the situation in which it is or would be conducted in order to identify and appraise such factors as available and needed assets, and potential obstacles, accomplishments, and consequences. FAA: Federal Aviation Administration Fatwa: Religious decree FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation-The FBI is within the Department of Justice. It is the principal law enforcement investigative arm of the US government and the lead agency responsible for counterterrorism in the United States. FinCEN: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the Treasury Department Finding: A determination made by the President stating that a particular intelligence operation is important to the national security of the 427 United States, in compliance with Section 503 (50 U.S.C. 413b) of the National Security Act, as amended. Finished Intelligence: (1) The product resulting from the collection, processing, integration, analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of available information concerning foreign countries or areas. (2) The final result of the production step of the intelligence cycle; the intelligence product. FISA Court: Court that reviews, for sufficiency, applications for orders issued under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. FISA Order: Order authorized under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act to conduct electronic or physical searches within the US for foreign intelligence purposes. Foreign intelligence service: An organization of a foreign government that engages in intelligence activities. Foreign Liaison: Efforts to work with foreign government intelligence services, including law enforcement agencies that gather or carry out intelligence-related activities. Examples of foreign liaison include sharing information, joint collection efforts, and the arrest of suspected terrorists by foreign governments using US-supplied information. Every major US intelligence agency has some forn of liaison relationship with foreign governments. [ ] [ ]. HPSCI: House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence -- A permanent select committee of the House of Representatives established by House Rule XL VIII, whose function is to monitor and provide oversight for the Intelligence Community and intelligence-related activities of all other government organizations. The committee is also responsible for legislation pertaining to intelligence agencies and activities, including authorizing appropriations for such activities. IC: Intelligence Community-The aggregate of the following executive branch organizations and agencies involved in intelligence activities: the Central Intelligence Agency; the National Security Agency; the Defense Intelligence agency; offices within the Department of Defense for the collection of specialized national foreign intelligence through reconnaissance programs; the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State; 428 intelligence elements of the military services, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Treasury, and the Department [page 449] of Energy; and staff elements of the Office of the Director of Central Intelligence.1 IICT: Interagency Intelligence Committee on Terrorism [ ] Intelligence: (1) A body of evidence and the conclusions drawn therefrom acquired and furnished in response to the known or perceived requirements of customers; it is often derived from information that is concealed or not intended to be available for use by the acquirer. (2) A term used to refer collectively to the functions, activities, or organizations that are involved in the process of planning, gathering, and analyzing infon11ation of potential value to decision-makers and to the production of intelligence as defined above. (3) The product resulting from the collection, collation, evaluation, analysis, integration, and interpretation of all collected information. Intelligence assessment: A category of intelligence production that encompasses most analytical studies dealing with subjects of policy significance, thorough in its treatment of subject matter -as distinct from building-block papers, research projects, and reference aids, but unlike estimative intelligence need not attempt to project future developments and their implications; usually coordinated within the producing organization, but may not be coordinated with other intelligence agencies. Intelligence report: (1) A product of the production step of the intelligence cycle; (2) Military Usage-A specific report of information, usually on a single item, made at any level of command in tactical operations and disseminated as rapidly as possible in keeping with the timeliness of the information. Intelligence requirement: Any subject, general or specific, upon which there is a need for the collection of intelligence information or the production of intelligence. International terrorism: Terrorist acts that transcend national boundaries in their conduct or purpose, the nationalities of the victims, or the resolution of the incident. Such an act is usually designed to attract wide publicity _______________ 1 Pursuant to Title I, Section 105, of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002, the United States Coast Guard has been included as an element of the Intelligence Community. 429 [page 450] to focus attention on the existence, cause, or demands of the perpetrators. IOS: FBI's Intelligence Operations Specialists -- Specialists conduct case specific (tactical) research. IRS: FBI's Intelligence Research Specialist -- Specialists conduct long term (strategic) research. [ ]. JITF-CT: DIA's Joint Intelligence Task Force -- Combating Terrorism JSOCL Military's Joint Special Operations Command JTTF: FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force LEGAT: FBI's Legal Attache in foreign countries Manila (Bojinka) Plot: A Ramzi Yousef plot to blow up 12 airliners over the Pacific Ocean and to crash a plane into the CIA Headquarters (1995) MI-5: Britain's internal security service (BSS). [ ] [ ] NGO: Non-Governmental Organization NIC: National Intelligence Council, comprised of the National Intelligence Officers (NIOs), their staff, and an analytic group. The NIOs support the DCI by producing national intelligence estimates and other interagency assessments and by advising him on the intelligence needs of policymakers. NID: National Intelligence Daily -An Intelligence Community produced digest of current intelligence drafted six times a week for senior government officials. (Replaced by the SEIB) NIE: National Intelligence Estimate: (1) A thorough assessment of a situation in a foreign environment relevant to the formulation of foreign, economic, and national security' policy, that projects probable future courses of action and developments, and is structured to illuminate differences of view within the Intelligence Community; it is issued by the DCI with the advice of the National Foreign Intelligence Board; (2) a strategic estimate of capabilities, 430 [page 451] vulnerabilities, produced at the national level as a composite of the views of the Intelligence Community. NIMA: National Imagery and Mapping Agency, an Intelligence Community agency. NIO: The senior staff officer of the DCI for an assigned area of functional or geographic responsibility. The NIO manages estimative and interagency intelligence production on behalf of the DCI; he is the principal point of contact between the DCI and intelligence consumers below the cabinet level and is a primary source of national-level substantive guidance to intelligence Community planners, collectors, and resource managers. NFIP: National Foreign Intelligence Program NRO: National Reconnaissance Office, an Intelligence Community agency. NSA: National Security Agency, the Intelligence Community agency responsible for centralized coordination, direction, and performance of highly specialized technical functions in support of US Government activities to protect US communications and produce foreign intelligence information. It coordinates, directs, and performs all cryptologic functions for the US Government; collects, processes, and disseminates SIGINT information for DoD, national foreign intelligence, and colmterintelligence purposes; and is the national executive agent for classified communications and computer security. NSD: National Security Directive NSC: National Security Council NSLU: FBI National Security Law Unit OIPR: Office of Intelligence Policy Review, Department of Justice OMB: Office of Management and Budget PDB: President's Daily Brief (Prepared by CIA for President and very small number of other senior officials) PDD: Presidential Decision Directive 431 PENTTBOMB: FBI investigation of September 11 WTC & Pentagon attacks PFIAB: President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board-A body consisting of senior non- government members appointed by, and reporting directly to, the President, empowered to assess the quality, quantity, and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, or counterintelligence, and other intelligence activities with a view toward increasing the effectiveness of the national intelligence effort; specific duties and responsibilities are outlined in Executive Order 12331. Phoenix EC: Electronic communication of July 2001 from the FBI's Phoenix field office to FBI Headquarters expressing concern about an increase in the number of Middle Eastern men enrolled in civil aviation training (also referred to as the Phoenix Memo). Raw Intelligence: A colloquial term meaning collected intelligence information that has not yet been converted into finished intelligence. RFU: FBI's Radical Fundamentalist Unit SA: Special Agent SAC: Special Agent in Charge SEIB: Senior Executive Intelligence Brief (CIA intelligence summary for senior USG officials; replaced the NID, see above.) SIGINT: Signals intelligence-Intelligence information derived from signals intercept comprising, either individually or in combination, all communications intelligence, electronic intelligence, and foreign instrument signals intelligence, however, transmitted. SIOC: FBI's Strategic lnformation Operations Center SOIC: Senior Officials of the Intelligence Community -- The heads of the organizations comprising the Intelligence Community or their designated representatives. SRTD: Signals Research and Target Development, a NSA function SSA: Supervisory Special Agent SSCI: Senate Select Committee on Intelligence -- A select committee of the Senate established by Senate Resolution 400, 94th Congress, 2nd Session (1976), whose function is to monitor and provide oversight 432 [page 453] Strategic intelligence: Intelligence required for the formulation of policy and military plans at national and international levels; it differs primarily from tactical intelligence in level of use, but may also vary in scope and detail. Tactical intelligence: Intelligence produced in support of military, intelligence, or other operations, or that relates to the specific time, date, nature, and other details of events. Title III Order: Order issued by a court pursuant to the provisions of Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, Public Law 90-351 (June 19, 1968), as amended, authorizing the interception of oral, wire, and/or electronic communication. UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UBLU: FBI's Usama bin Ladin Unit USSID: United States Signals Intelligence Directive Volunteer: Persons who, on their own initiative, make contact with a government representative and volunteer information and/or request political asylum. WTC: World Trade Center 433 [Page 454] KEY NAMES Mohamed Yousef Mohamed Alqusaidi: Marwan al-Shehhi's brother Muhammed Atif: Bin Ladin's lieutenant [ ] [ ] [ ] Imad Mugniyah: Hizbollah Leader Khalid Shaykh Mohammad: Bin Ladin Lieutenant; believed to be the mastermind of the September 11th attacks (AKA Mukhtar or "the Brain") Mohamed al-Owhali: Passenger in truck bomb that jumped out of the bomb laden vehicle before it crashed into the American embassy in Kenya Al-Qa'ida: Terrorist organization led by Usama bin Ladin. Translates as "the Base" Omar Abd al-Rahman: Blind Sheikh Ahmed Ressam: Convicted terrorist who tried to cross into the United States from Canada with explosives intending to target Los Angeles International Airport in December 1999 Ramzi Yousef: Organizer of the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center Ayman Zawarhari: Bin Ladin lieutenant Abu Zubaydah: Bin Ladin Lieutenant captured in March 2002 434 SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 HIJACKERS American Airlines Flight 11 hit the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:45 a.m. Mohamed Atta: [Mo-Ha-mahd A-tta] Pilot Abd AI-Aziz AI-Omari: [Abd al-A-ziz AI-OMA-ree] Satam AI-Suqami: [Sa-TOM Ah-Suq-AMl] Wail AI-Shehri: [Wa-EEL Ah-SHEH-ree] Walid AI-Shehri: [Wa-LEED SHEH-ree] United Airlines Flight 175 hit the South Tower of the World Trade Center at 9:05 a.m. Marwan AI-Shehhi: [Mar-WAHN Ah-SHEH-hee Pilot Ahmed AI-Ghamdi: [Ah-MED al-GAM-dee] Hamza AI-Ghamdi: [HAM-za al-GAM-dee] Fayez Ahmed: [FA-yez AH-med] Mohand AI-Shehri: [MO-hahnd ah-SHEH-ree] American Airlines Flight 77 hit the Pentagon at 9:39 a.m. Hani Hanjour: [Ha-NEE HAN-joor] Pilot Khalid AI-Mihdhar: [Kah-LEED al-MID-har] Majid Moqed: [MAH-jid MOE-Ked] Nawaf AI-Hazmi: [Now-Woff al-HAS-me ] Salim AI-Hazmi: [Sa-LEEM al-HAS-me] United Airlines Flight 93 crashed in Pennsylvania at 10: 10 a.m. Ziad Jarrah: [Zee-YAHD Jara] Pilot Ahmad AI-Nami: [AH-med Ah-Nah-mee] Ahmad AI-Haznawi: [AH-med al-Has-NOW-wee] Saled AI-Ghamdi: [Sah-EED
al-GAM-dee] |